Smartphones are cellular phones which can get access to the internet, make calls, run the software that a computer can run, and offer communication services via messages. Smartphones have evolved over the years which have to lead to more features and functionality being added to them to make them as intelligent as possible. The four common types of operating systems used by smart namely IOS, android, windows, and blackberry, even though there are different types of operating systems used by smartphones are manufactured using similar standards to ensure that they communicate efficiently with each other.
The first smartphone developed was IBM's Simon in the year 1992. It was capable of making calls, sending emails, sending faxes, sending messages and keeping the calendar events for the user. IBM's Simon was a prototype device that was improved and released onto the market in 1994 and was called the Simon personal communicator. This was the first smartphone to be developed. 
Just like computers, smartphones have storage mediums. Smartphones use flash memory which comes with different storage capacities to store data and apps. Some Smartphones have memory card slots in which SD cards can be added allowing users to use external storage. SD cards also have different memory capacities. 
Smartphones make use of machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to give the same services you would get by typing. Examples of applications that make the use of machine learning and AI include SIRI and Google assistant, a face id. SIRI and Google assistant makes it possible for you to communicate verbally with your phone. A face id makes it possible for you to use your face as your phone's password.
Smartphones are becoming smaller, faster and cheaper with time in line with Moore's law. This is due to the improvement in mobile connectivity and improvement in technology. There generations in mobile connectivity :

First-generation(1 G)

It was first introduced in Japan in 1979. Mobile networks in this generation relied on analogue radio signals allowing the users to only make calls. For the network to work cell towers construction was necessary with each providing service to a small geographical area hence making it ineffective.

Second-generation (2 G)

In the 1990s the second-generation emerged replacing the first-generation network. This network used digital signals unlike the first-generation which used analogue signals. The use of digital signals led to improved security and increased capacity. The second-generation enabled the users to make calls, send SMS and MMS messaged and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) developed. GPRS provided internet communication services such as email.

Third-generation (3 G)

The third generation is still in use today, it uses packet switching for data transmission. 3 G is faster than 2 G networks. Online streaming of radio and television, video calls, and online gaming was possible.

Fourth-generation (4 G)

This network uses IP addressing. 4 G is five times faster than 3 G networks.

Fifth-generation (5 G)

The fifth-generation is still not yet released. This network will make use of IOT. The fifth-generation is to be available in 2020. 
Smartphones have greatly improved over the years integrating new and emerging technologies.